Which type of soil and foundation is recommended for protection of building in earth quake zonesloose fine sand, soft silt, black cotton soil and expensive clays should be avoided for foundation. Though black cotton soil plays a vital role in agriculture but it is posing many difficulties in. Performance, problems and remedial measures for the. Fce 311 geotechnical engineering i osn lecture notes university of nairobi page 1 1 overview 1. Which type of soil and foundation is recommended for protection of building in earth quake zones. Causes of foundation damage due to black cotton soil. Unit i problematic soil and improvement techniques 8 role of ground improvement in foundation engineering methods of ground improvement geotechnical problems in alluvial, lateritic and black cotton soils selection of suitable ground improvement techniques based on soil conditions. The swelling of soil in direct contact with the foundation material causes maximum damage.
Materials and methods black cotton soil was collected from gulbarga, in karnataka state. Study of suitable foundations for black cotton soil ijraset. Piles are required when the soil conditions are such that a washout, erosion or scour of soil may occur from underneath a shallow foundation. Pdf design of pile foundation in black cotton soil ijirst. Comparison of brick made from black cotton soil with. Apart from this black cotton soil should be removed from the sides of the foundation and filled with gravel and sand.
Soil bearing capacity and case study of black cotton soil. In case of expansive soil, such as black cotton soil, which swell or shrink as the water content changes, piles are used to transfer the load below the active zone. To a geotechnical engineer, soil has a much broader meaning and can. Geotechnical engineering made easy gate handwritten notes pdf. Explore pile foundation with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format.
Black cotton soils and the vetiver system i was faced with the problems of black cotton soils in the early 50s in australia while working with the soil conservation service. This depth should also be much more than depth of tension cracks. It has characteristics of swelling during rains and shrinking during summer. Problems of highway construction in black cotton soil areas. Therefore foundation in black cotton soil needs special care. Minutes of the proceedings of the institution of civil engineers, volume 1, issue 1893, 1 jan 1893 323326. Stabilisation of black cotton soil using admixtures pankaj r. For example, lawn and garden watering creates a moist zone on the exterior of a foundation, whereas the interior is dry. Besides advantages of black soil, there are some disadvantages or problems of black soil. Ce6012 ground improvement techniques git syllabus unit i problematic soil and improvement techniques role of ground improvement in foundation engineering methods of ground improvement geotechnical problems in alluvial, lateritic and black cotton soils selection of suitable ground improvement techniques based on soil conditions. What are the problems of foundation on black cotton soil. Soil has many different meanings, depending on the field of study. Modern institute of engineering and technology, bandel.
To procure soil samples for assessing the physical properties, which will help in design and mode of construction of proposed foundation. The black cotton soil is found in major portion of maharashtra, west m. Hence it is necessary to prevent the direct contact of black cotton soil with masonry work below ground level. What are the problems of foundation constructed on black. Case study soil bearing capacity in black cotton soil case study site location solapur road, keshwapur, hubli purpose. The failures of structure are mostly due to the failure of foundations. Problems in black cotton soil soil grains oriented in the form of platelets or sheets. Black cotton definition of black cotton by merriamwebster. Study notes on black cotton soil building engineering. List of projects related to soil engineering 1 lime flyash soil blocks.
The swelling characteristics of expansive soil and its effects on the structures are being revealed. The sides are filled with sand 150 mm for compound wall foundation and 450 to 600 mm for main walls of buildings fig. The possibility of good construction sites to build structures on black cotton soils is difficult due to their poor strength and deformation characteristics. Practical problems of highway construction in black cotton. The occurrence and distribution of soils in nature varies from location to location. These soils expand and become sticky during rainy season and contract during the dry season causing deep cracks into the soil. Expansive soil popularly known as black cotton soil presents a very challenging task.
Black cotton soils and other expansive soils are dangerous due to their shrinkage and swelling characteristics. Black cotton soils also called regur soils are generally clayey, deep and impermeable. This is an expansive soil with a liquid limit of 80. In civil structural engineering projects foundation is like the roots of a tree without which the tree cannot stand. Subsoil conditions are examined using test borings, provided by soil engineer. Most black soils also have a high clay content which makes it unstable for foundations. Pdf expansive soil is a worldwide problematic soil that causes extensive. Practical problems of highway construction in black cotton soil areas and inplace remedial measures.
Water penetrates into the road pavement from three sides viz. Pdf geotechnical investigation of black cotton soils. The swelling and shrinkage behavior of black cotton soil originate mainly from. Soil mechanics in engineering practice lectures soil mechanics introduction and definition soil mechanics is defined as the application of the laws and principles of mechanics and hydraulics to engineering problems dealing with soil as an engineering material. K katti introduction black cotton soil deposits in india are a boon to farmers but are problematic to civil engineers. Pavement design on black cotton soil foundation authors. Excavation is done on the similar line as above after removal of the black cotton soil layer. The two major types of soil in kenya are the red soils and black cotton soil. A frequent source of damage is the differential swelling caused by pockets of moist soil adjacent to dry soil. The extra depth may be filled up with stone boulders, over which the foundation can be laid. Nov 25, 2014 safety analysis for soil bearing capacity of black cotton soil the foundation should be taken at ieast 50 cm lower than the depth of moisture movement. Also explore the seminar topics paper on pile foundation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year civil engineering ce or ieee civil construction btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016.
When these type of soil come in contact with water, they swell and when becomes dry, it shrinks. When the foundation put on subsoil that subsoil consists of rock or soil, among civil, structural. Hence foundation in black cotton soil need special care. Soil mechanics lectures, class notes, research manuals. Black cotton soil, a cohesive soil, is considered a problematic soil for civil engineers. Overnight, a heavy storm had wiped out a large area of a farmers wheat crop and fence line leaving gullies several meters deep. The shrinkage and swelling of black cotton soil has become a severe problem for the entire construction industry. Search for solutions to problems in black cotton soils. Foundations on black cotton soil civil engineering community. Chavhan india the biggest handicap is to provide a complete abstractstabilization of black cotton soil bc soil is studied by using lime and fly ash. These can be achieved by making wider trenches for foundation and filling spaces on the either side of the foundation masonry with sand or. On the other hand, in india, nearly 150 million tonnes of fly ash is being generated annually posing dual problem.
Foundations in black cotton soil, civil engineering. To provide a pavement foundation of marginally weaker in strength than that of concrete pavement, but much improved strength than natural black cotton soil bc soil. As the name suggests it is suitable for cotton crop. This article provides study notes on black cotton soil. Stabilisation of black cotton soils using fly ash,hubballidharwad municipal corporation area, karnataka, india. Midwests suite of patented road stabilization and building technologies use environmentally safe, nontoxic binders to strengthen the structural integrity of unpaved roads, from the foundation to the surface. Feb 12, 2016 in this pro tip episode ill give you a way to know if the soil under your property has a high clay content, and ill talk about why expansive clay can wreck havoc on your concrete foundation. Search for solutions to problems in black cotton soils by r. Expansive soil popularly known as black cotton soil presents a very challenging task for construction work in malwa region. Pdf ce6012 ground improvement techniques git books. In this article, various types of soil investigations, their reports and suitable types of foundations for various types of soils are discussed. Nov 15, 2015 black cotton soil black cotton soil has a tendency to shrink and swell excessively.
Role of geotechnical properties of soil on civil engineering. Pdf study of stabilization of black cotton soil using lime. These soils are black in colour and are also known as regur soils. Chavhan india the biggest handicap is to provide a complete abstractstabilization of black cotton soil bc soil is studied. Soil investigations are carried out to understand properties of soil and types of foundation suitable for those. Building on black cotton soil is a tricky affair, admits mr daniel mburu, the ceo of fingerprint capital, a building and construction firm that specialises in putting up budget homes for. If the thickness of the black cotton soil is only up to 120 cm it should be completely removed and foundation laid on the soil below. Chanuhan rajiv and et al 2009 has studies the strength improvement of soil treated with lime and flyash mix for durability criteria. The maximum net average pressure applied to a soil or rock by a foundation unit that the foundation soil or rock will safely carry without the risk of both shear failure and permissible settlement. The contact surface between a foundation unit and the soil or rock upon which the foundation rests. Criteria for basic performance of geotextiles in soil improvement.
Apr 05, 2018 there really isnt a black cotton soil but most black soil grows good cotton. To check the suitability of soil to be used as foundation or as construction materials, its properties are required to be assessed 1. The construction of foundation for structure on black cotton soils. Concrete microcracking basics porositypermeability relationship of concrete what are sample disturbance parameters in soil investigation. Jul 15, 2017 black cotton soils also called regur soils are generally clayey, deep and impermeable.
Table 1 shows the geotechnical properties of this soil. For that various types of foundations use to support the structure. What are the typical characteristics of black cotton soil. Types of soil movements causes and recommended suitable foundations there are various types of soil movements that may occur disregard of the stresses imposed on the ground by foundations. This project describes on the causes of foundation damage due to black cotton soil and its retrofitting. The problems associated with expansive soil are related to bearing capacity and cracking, breaking up of pavements, and various other building foundation problems. Foundations in black cotton soils the construction civil.
Foundation penetrating black cotton soils shall be designed to resist forces exerted on the foundation due to soil volume changes or shall be isolated from the black cotton soils. Black cotton soils are highly plastic and compressible, when they are saturated. Montmorrilonite is the predominant mineral of black cotton soils. In this pro tip episode ill give you a way to know if the soil under your property has a high clay content, and ill talk about why expansive clay can wreck havoc on your concrete foundation. Expansive soil is a worldwide problematic soil that causes extensive damage to civil engineering structures worldwide due to various problems associated with it. The civil engineering structures like building, bridge, highway, tunnel, dam, tower, etc. Black cotton soil consists of clay minerals like montmorrilonite, illite and kaolinite, chemicals like iron oxide and calcium carbonate in the form of kankars, and organic matter like humus.
In order for expansive soil to cause foundation problems, there must be fluctuations in the amount of moisture contained in the foundation soils. Black cotton soil black cotton soil has a tendency to shrink and swell excessively. Foundation problem with organic soil different types of pile hammer for pile. Footing, resting on such soils under goes consolidation settlements of high magnitude. Plastic waste is become one of the major problems for the world. Next prev conference on civil engineering problems overseas. Abstract black cotton soils are predominantly available in india. Effects of acids on geotechnical properties of black. Foundation problem with organic soil different types of pile hammer for pile foundation part.
Civil engineering world a learning platform for the civil. A study on engineering behavior of black cotton soil and. Yield decreases are usually not severe until the soil ph drops below 5. For their stability, suitable foundation soil is required. Pdf search for solutions to problems black cotton soils. Black cotton soil has a tendency to shrink and swell excessively. There really isnt a black cotton soil but most black soil grows good cotton. Pile foundation seminar report, ppt, pdf for civil. Black cotton soil showing low to medium swelling potential from rajkot gujarat was used for. Our roadbed stabilization treatments include native roadbed soils, old graveled roads, or recycled roadway surface materials, and can. Jan 09, 2016 black cotton soil, a cohesive soil, is considered a problematic soil for civil engineers. If unavoidable the building shall rest either on a rigid raft foundation. Analysis of engineering properties of black cotton soil. This alternate process of swelling and shrinking results in the differential settlement of foundation which in turn causes cracks in building.
Shrink swell clay generally has a high clay content and is not suitable for bui. The foundation in black cotton soilexpansive soil mystery revealed. Cracking when dry and swelling when wet makes them difficult to manage, unless they are cultivated at appropriate soil moisture levels. Fce 311 geotechnical engineering lecture notes final2. While the black cotton soil retains a lot of water, the red soil does not. Loose fine sand, soft silt, black cotton soil and expensive clays should be avoided for foundation. Soil investigation and types of foundations based on soil. Moments, shears and deflections for use in designing slabonground, mat or raft. Soils are used as construction materials or the civil engineering structures are founded in or on the surface of the earth. Expansive soils, popularly known as black cotton soils in india are, amongst the most problematic soils from civil engineering construction point of view. Geotechnical properties of soils influence the stability of civil engineering. So, it is necessary to consider adequate measures against such ground movements so as to prevent foundations from failure. Black cotton definition is a soil formed in the deccan region of india by the disintegration of a black lava.
Types of soil movements causes and suitable foundations. It is a wellknown fact that water is the worst enemy of road pavement, particularly in expansive soil areas. The problem has assumed economic importance at the national plane, as approximately one third of the surfacial deposits of the country are of black cotton soil. Very few researches are on brick made up from black cotton soil among the world, though black cotton soil is easily available in indian context. The type of soil depends on the rock type, its mineral constituents and the climatic regime of the area.
In civil engineering aspects black cotton soil is giving hazardous problems to engineers. Of the various factors that affect the swelling behaviour of these soils, the basic mineralogical composition is very important. Effect of expansive soil on foundation and its remedies ijirset. Figure 1 damages to various structures in expansive soil black cotton soil area of. What are the difference between clay and black cotton soil. Problems of black soil disadvantages of black soil. Search for solutions to problems black cotton soils. Black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil. Pile foundation seminar report, ppt, pdf for civil engineering. Problems, and remedial measures for the structures constructed on expansive soil.
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